Pemilihan Sistem Air Limbah-Lumpur Tinja Komunal Menggunakan Analisis Klaster Hirarki

Elis  Hastuti; Benny Joy; Unang Supratman

doi:10.31815/jp.2024.19.01-13

Penulis

Elis Hastuti Bina Teknik Permukiman dan Perumahan, Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya, Kementerian PUPR
Benny Joy Universitas Padjadjaran
Unang Supratman Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31815/jp.2024.19.01-13

Kata Kunci:

air limbah, lumpur tinja, klaster, teknologi, strategi

Abstrak

Pengelolaan lumpur tinja dari instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) desentralisasi merupakan tantangan di kawasan permukiman yang memiliki keterbatasan akses ke sarana pengolahan lumpur tinja terpusat. Pada tulisan ini, dikaji pemilihan dan strategi pengembangan sistem IPAL komunal dan pengolahan lumpur tinja terintegrasi (SIPAL-LT). Faktor-faktor dominan keberlanjutan pengembangan IPAL menentukan pemilihan SIPAL-LT, yaitu faktor sistem pengolahan, pengelolaan, lingkungan, dan karakteristik masyarakat. Pengembangan IPAL terintegrasi di lokasi studi ditentukan berdasarkan profil keberlanjutan, pilihan teknologi, dan profil pengembangan SIPAL-LT. Pemilihan dan penentuan prioritas pengembangan SIPAL-LT dianalisis dengan metode klaster hirarki, sedangkan strategi pengembangannya menggunakan analisis kuadran. Pilihan SIPAL-LT dapat dikembangkan pada klaster yang memiliki karakteristik, yaitu air limbah domestik berkategori pencemar rendah-sedang, pengguna IPAL komunal eksisting lebih dari 60% kapasitas, lumpur tinja berkategori pencemar rendah, tingkat pemeliharaan IPAL komunal berkategori rendah-sedang, indeks efektifitas IPAL komunal lebih dari 60%, dan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat berkategori sedang-tinggi. Pilihan SIPAL-LT terbaik berada di lokasi studi yang telah memanfaatkan IPAL komunal teknologi biofilter atau digester anaerobik, sedangkan pengolahan lumpur tinja direncanakan menggunakan sistem constructed wetland atau kombinasi sistem sludge drying bed dan sistem co-composting

Referensi

Bangun, C. & Abfertiawan, S., M., 2022. “Determining Strategies for Improving LLTT Business Performance with Inequal (Internal Quality) and Servqual (Service Quality) Analysis Case Study: Deli Serdang, North Sumatera)”. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) 5(3): 26401-26413.

Bao, Pham Ngoc, Muhammad Sonny Abfertiawan, Pankaj Kumar, and Muhammad Fahmi Hakim. 2020. “Challenges and Opportunities for Septage Management in the Urban Areas of Indonesia – Case Study in Bandung City.” Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 52 (4): 481–500.

Basamykina, Alena, Marianna Kharlamova, and Sharon Yeukai Mada. 2020. “Dewatering as a Primary Treatment of Faecal Sludge in Individual Residential Sector (a Technologies Review).” E3S Web of Conferences 169 (May).

Bernal, Diana. 2018. “A Conceptual Model for Decentralized Municipal Wastewater Management.” Water Practice and Technology 13 (1): 134–42.

Brontowiyono, Widodo, Thomas Boving, Adelia Anju Asmara, Suphia Rahmawati, Andik Yulianto, Noviani Ima Wantoputri, Annisa Nur Lathifah, and Yuli Andriansyah. 2022. “Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Effectiveness, Management, and Quality of Groundwater: A Case Study in Indonesia.” Water (Switzerland) 14 (19): 1–24.

Chen, X., Xu, Z., Yao, L. & Ma, N. 2018. Processing Technology Selection for Municipal Sewage Treatment Based on a Multi-Objective Decision Model under Uncertainty. Journal International of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (3): 448.

Conville, Mc. J.R., Kvarnström, E., Maiteki, J.M., and Niwagaba, C.B. 2019."Infrastructure investments and operating costs for fecal sludge and sewage treatment systems in Kampala, Uganda." Urban Water Journal 16 (8): 584-593.

Food Agricultural Organization and Toilet Board Coalition. 2021. Future proofing agriculture systems. Circular sanitation economies for more resilient and sustainable food systems. Land and Water Discussion Paper No. 18. Rome: FAO.

Gumilangsari, Saffanah, Muhammad Sonny Abfertiawan, and Prayatni Soewondo. 2021. “Studi Model Bisnis Eksisting Dalam Implementasi Layanan Lumpur Tinja Terjadwal (LLTT) Di Bawah Satuan Kerja (Studi Kasus: Kota Bekasi Dan Kota Makassar) dan BUMD (Studi Kasus: Kota Medan Dan Kota Surakarta).” Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19 (3): 599–611.

Gupta, Sanjay, Shubhra Jain, and Shikha Shukla Chhabra. 2018. “Guidance Note on Co-Treatment of Septage at Sewage Treatment Plants in India,” no. April.

Kazora, Amos Shyaka, and Khaldoon A. Mourad. 2018. “Assessing the Sustainability of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems in Rwanda.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 10 (12).

Keucken A., Habagil M., Batstone D., Jeppsson U., and Arnell M. 2018."Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge and organic food waste-performance, inhibiton, and impact on the microbial community." Energies 11, 2325.

Li, Zihan, Xiaoming Hu, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Lixue Gong, Zhen Jiang, Yanan Xing, Juan Ding, Jun Tian, and Juan Huang. 2022. “Distributed Treatment of Rural Environmental Wastewater by Artificial Ecological Geographic Information System.” Journal of King Saud University - Science 34 (3): 101806.

Libralato, Giovanni, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini, and Francesco Avezzù. 2012. “To Centralise or to Decentralise: An Overview of the Most Recent Trends in Wastewater Treatment Management.” Journal of Environmental Management 94 (1): 61–68.

Marleni, Ni Nyoman Nepi, and Gema Sakti Raspati. 2020. “A Critical Review of Wastewater Resource Recovery Implementation in Indonesia.” Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6 (1): 89.

Mata-Alvarez, J., J. Dosta, M. S. Romero-Güiza, X. Fonoll, M. Peces, and S. Astals. 2014. “A Critical Review on Anaerobic Co-Digestion Achievements between 2010 and 2013.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 36: 412–27.

Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat. 2019. Rencana Aksi Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan DAS Citarum 2019-2025. Bandung: Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Piasecki, Adam. 2019. “Water and Sewage Management Issues in Rural Poland.” Water (Switzerland) 11 (3).

Priyambada, I B, and Purwono. 2019. “Efektivitas IPAL Portabel Sebagai Alternatif Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Domestik.” Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan 3 (1): 235–43.

Rohmat, Dede, Iwan Setiawan, and Asri Ria Affriani. 2020. “Zonasi Karakteristik Pencemaran Untuk Penyusunan Strategi Dan Pola Aksi Penanganan Sungai Menuju Citarum Harum (Pemetaan Dengan Citra Tegak Resolusi Tinggi).” Jurnal Geografi Gea 20 (1): 16–25.

Strande, Linda, Lars Schoebitz, Fabian Bischoff, Daniel Ddiba, Francis Okello, Miriam Englund, Barbara J. Ward, and Charles B. Niwagaba. 2018. “Methods to Reliably Estimate Faecal Sludge Quantities and Qualities for the Design of Treatment Technologies and Management Solutions.” Journal of Environmental Management 223 (February): 898–907.

Sugito. 2022. “Panduan Fasilitasi Desa Peduli Kesehatan,” 1–51.

Tayler, Kevin. 2018. Faecal Sludge and Septage Treatment. A Guide for Low and Middle Income Countries. Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing.

Thomas, R.A., Kranert, M. & Philip, L. 2018. "In-vessel co-composting – a rapid resource recovery option for septage treatment in Indian cities". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8(4): 688–697.

Verma, R., Sengupta, S., and Anand, S. 2020. Toolkit: Managing Faecal Sludge in Rural Areas. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.

Silva, D.T.G., Dias, E., Ebdon, J., and Taylor, H. 2018.” Assessment of recommended approaches for containment and safe handling of human excreta in emergency settings.” PLOS ONE 13(7).

Starkl, M., Brunner, N., Das, S., and Singh, A. 2022. ”Sustainability Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Systems in Developing Countries.” Water 14 (2):241.

Sushanti, D., Purwanto, and Suprihatin. 2018. “Evaluasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik dengan IPAL Komunal.” JTL 19 (2): 229 – 237.

Putri, S.R. and Susanna. 2020. “Kondisi Sanitasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Diare di Kawasan Pesisir Pantai Desa Sedari, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat Tahun 2018”. Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global 1(2).