Gated Community, Cluster, Sistem Keamanan 24 Jam: Menelusuri Bentuk Perumahan dari Sisi Pengembang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31815/jp.2021.16.69-81Kata Kunci:
Bentuk perumahan, perizinan, pengembang, cluster, gated communityAbstrak
Bentuk perumahan berbenteng (gated community) telah banyak dikaji karena dianggap lebih banyak menimbulkan masalah daripada memberikan manfaat. Namun pada prakteknya, pengembang tetap membangun perumahan yang sejenis—bahkan dibuat sebagai cluster dengan skala yang lebih kecil dari sebelumnya. Artikel ini mengupas sudut pandang pengembang perumahan di kawasan pinggiran Kota Bandung dalam mengambil keputusan untuk membangun perumahan dengan bentuk yang serupa dengan gated community untuk menjadi dasar pengaturan bentuk perumahan. Berdasarkan wawancara diketahui bahwa selain analisis pasar, perizinan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam proses tersebut. Dalam perizinan, bentuk perumahan tidak diatur secara langsung. Aturan yang ada hanya mencantumkan besaran nilai tertentu yang masih perlu diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk dan melalui proses yang panjang. Pelibatan masyarakat sekitar perumahan dalam proses perizinan pun masih sangat terbatas, bahkan sering kali disalahgunakan demi kepentingan pengembang dan alasan ekonomi. Dalam artikel ini juga telah diungkap pemahaman aparat pemerintah terhadap perizinan yang mempengaruhi bentuk perumahan. Pada akhirnya, telah diidentifikasi beberapa celah potensial untuk mengarahkan pengembang supaya membangun perumahan yang memberikan lebih banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat luas.
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